技术优势
采用原位测量技术,无滤膜采样,避免了人为和介质对结果的影响;
实时数据显示、自动运行;
同时在三个波段测量光的吸收和散射特性;
测量黑碳的理想工具(黑碳对781nm激光吸收性强);
使用反式浊度技术,灵敏度极高,快速测量,时间分辨率达到1秒;
宽动力学测量范围,可用于大气监测和排放源监测;
应用范围
空气质量和能见度监测,大气和气候研究,健康研究,燃烧源排放及生物质燃烧等研究,也可用于清洁地区以及污染源采样。
工作原理
Sample air is drawn through a resonator at an approximate rate of 1 lpm. The laser beam is square-wave modulated at the frequency that matches the resonance acoustic frequency of the resonator. Aerosols in the air stream absorb light, causing periodic heating of the gas in the resonator. The heated gas expands, creating a sound-source pressure wave. Since the heating is periodic, with frequency fres, the resultant sound wave will have frequency fres. A microphone attached to one end of the resonator measures this sound wave. The other end of the resonator contains a piezo electrical element used for finding the resonance acoustic frequency fres of the resonator. The laser power is measured with the integrating sphere/photodetector. This information is then used to determine the absorption and scattering coefficients.
应用案例
图 1. Bsca 和Babs 的时间变化序列
Zi-Juan Lan和Xiao-Feng Huang 等于2011年夏季观测项目中应用了PASS-3进行试验。从结果(图1)中可以看出,三个波段的散射系数和吸收系数均有明显的昼夜变化,且变化较为一致。采样期间,三个波段单次散射反照率分别为0.86±0.07(405nm), 0.87±0.06(532nm),0.82±0.09(781nm),表明深圳气溶胶的吸收作用占消光作用的10%强,黑碳在影响夏季能见度方面起重要作用。文章还就Angstrom吸收指数(AAE)展开讨论,并结合SP2和O3的结果分析了MAE及气溶胶混合状态的变化规律(图2)。
图 2. 观测期间BC,O3, MAE 和内混态BC 占比的昼夜变化
技术指标(型号870nm)
同时测量气溶胶的光吸收系数和光散射系数
附加参数:温度、湿度、气压、露点温度
样本流量:1 lpm,流量控制:临界气孔,隔膜泵
激光调制频率:1500 Hz (方波)
散射积分角度:6o–174o
标定粒子:吸收系数,使用强吸收性粒子,如气灯燃烧后的黑烟或者黑色玻璃碳;散射系数,使用强散射性的粒子,如硫酸铵、PSL标准粒子(Dp:200-260nm)
标定周期:一般为6个月,或大型观测前后
一般维护内容:流量检查、内腔玻璃窗口清洗(或更换)、更换耗材部件
电源: 105 - 125 V, 60 Hz 或 105 - 125 V, 60 Hz (交流电),
功率:100W,外置泵为250W。
工作环境:温度,0 – 40 C; 相对湿度,0–70 %(无凝结)
尺寸:48.3W x 61L x 30.5H cm (可以安放在19 英寸标准仪器架内)
重量:33 kg(不含外置泵)
操作软件
PASS-3 的随机软件基于LabVIEW编写,主要用于:
实时查看数据,包括吸收系数和散射系数;
零气切换;
标定操作控制;
查看仪器运行状态参数;
设置查看与更改;
查看空气条件如气温、气压、相对湿度;
标准配置
三波长黑碳光声光谱仪
软件
内置计算机
操作说明书
运输箱
一年质保
一天工厂培训
邮件或电话技术支持
DMT_PASS-3三波长光声光谱仪下载
参考文献
Zi-Juan Lan, Xiao-Feng Huang, Kuang-You Yu, Tian-Le Sun, Li-Wu Zeng, Min Hu, Light absorption of black carbon aerosol and its enhancement by mixing state in an urban atmosphere in South China, Atmospheric Environment, Volume 69, April 2013, Pages 118-123, ISSN 1352-2310, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.009.
Moosmüller, H., Arnott, W. P., Rogers, C. F., Bowen, J. L., Gillies, J. A., Pierson, W. R., ... & Norbeck, J. M. (2001). Time-resolved characterization of diesel particulate emissions. 2. Instruments for elemental and organic carbon measurements. Environmental science & technology, 35(10), 1935-1942.
Lewis, K., Arnott, W. P., Moosmüller, H., & Wold, C. E. (2008). Strong spectral variation of biomass smoke light absorption and single scattering albedo observed with a novel dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument. Journal of Geophysical research, 113(D16), D16203.
Lan, Z. J., Huang, X. F., Yu, K. Y., Sun, T. L., Zeng, L. W., & Hu, M. (2012). Light absorption of black carbon aerosol and its enhancement by mixing state in an urban atmosphere in South China. Atmospheric Environment.
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